I am in the delightful
position of re-reading "Models
of Reception in the Divine Audience of the Iliad ". A
masterpiece on the topic by Tobias Anthony Myers
As usual it stirs up many
questions. Let me start with the assumption in my head that causes my
confusion. I assume that the Iliad is
the foundation story of the Ancient Greek civilization and Hellenistic Age.
It was performed regularly in Athens before 20,000 friendly faces and
presumably at other festivals. It is conceivable that at aristocratic
dinner parties (like the Phaeacians' in the Odyssey ) it was the entertainment
after dinner . It was THE text-book for students; Greek, wannabe Greeks
and Romans for centuries. And surely every school boy performed at least the
first six lines at his recital, so that mom and dad knew they were getting
their money's worth. In short that every literate person for centuries back
then had read or memorized the Iliad, that many, many people heard the Iliad
and that virtually everyone knew the story. Myers comments;
"The poet’s insertion of the truce episode in
Book 3, whose terms guarantee friendship thereafter between Trojans and
Achaeans (3.94), has implicitly invited his listeners to consider a scenario in
which Troy does not fall after all. Zeus now explicitly issues the same
invitation to the gods on Olympus: “well!, the city of lord Priam could
continue to be inhabited....” (ἤτοι μὲν οἰκέοιτο πόλις Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος 4.18).
Both Zeus and the poet thus provide the opportunity for their respective
auditors to contemplate the possibility of an early end to the war. The model
provided by Zeus within the text raises the possibility that the poet, too, is
doing this teasingly – to provoke a response.This is not the first time that
the poet has teased his listeners in this way. Agamemnon’s testing of the
troops in Book 2 causes a stampede for the ships, which the poet makes vivid
and urgent by describing it with the same grand similes and other language
normally used to give a sense of magnified scale and significance. He then
explicitly invites his audience to imagine the consequences"
My question; is this
teasing idea true? Did the assembled gods and goddesses (some of whom
were prophetic) mortal audiences then and now, and literate people
throughout history ever consider a different ending to the story? When
Zeus suggests altering the story line by saving Sarpedon in book 16 his lovely
and loving wife responds
"439] Then ox-eyed queenly Hera answered him:
"Most dread son of Cronos, what a word hast thou said! A man that is
mortal, doomed long since by fate, art thou minded to deliver again from
dolorous death? Do as thou wilt; but be sure that we other gods assent not all
thereto. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart: if
thou send Sarpedon living to his house, bethink thee lest hereafter some other
god also be minded to send his own dear son away from the fierce conflict; for
many there be fighting around the great city of Priam that are sons of the
immortals, and among the gods wilt thou send dread wrath."
I wonder if the chaos and
anger that Hera foretells in the realm above would be reflected in the response
of the 20,000 should a rhapsodist attempt the non-traditional rescue of
Sarpedon. People don't like their classics fiddled with. I recall
the hail-storm of hatred and vicious criticism that met the recent remake of "The Rocky Horror
Picture" even before filming began
So again, considering the promised wrath of the
assembled gods and potentially riotous audiences, are you expected to take
serious threats of hypermoraimism in
the Iliad?
I somehow cannot take seriously Zeus' claim to care about Sarpedon. He is not known as a loving father to any of his other sons; why would Sarpedon be an exception? I think Zeus prompted Hera to answer the way she did, and he wanted to show himself compromising. When he really intends to do something, he does not discuss it with Hera; in Scroll 1, her mere wish to know his decisions makes him lash out at her.
ReplyDeleteMaya,
ReplyDeleteYou might be right. He used the same technique to revenge the destruction of Troy on one Her favourite places on earth Argos, Sparta, or Mycenae (iv. 51).
Bill