Derby found a ball last night at sunset. Not just any ball, Derby found a green tennis ball towards the end of our walk. She scooped it into her mouth, gently bit it a few times, shook her snout to jiggle it around and then happily trotted for home. Our home “La Querencia” is built on pilings to keep it out of the “muskeg”. A raised walkway leads from the driveway (also on pilings) to the back door. Half way along Derby leaped off. Why? Because, the gravel floating atop the muskeg provides better traction than the smooth old boards. She pulled me towards the backyard. She insisted on playing with treasure in the safety of her fenced yard. But, it was late and I insisted she go into the garage. So, this dark morning after greeting me at the garage door she ran to get her new ball which rested comfortably on her bed. She jumped and whirled around my feet while attempting to howl with the tennis ball inside her mouth. She finally dropped it near me. I bounced it off the concrete floor for her. She’s not much of a fetcher, so after a little of that, she curled up with her precious toy upon her bed. “But, it’s time for your morning walk?” I insisted. She brought her ball. This morning there was no dilly-dallying; no stopping to sniff that succulent ground cover in front of the picket fence at the corner, no seeking out a confrontation with the bully-dogs at the end of the street, no digging around for that salmon carcass in the weeds in front of the “abandoned” house. It was “get ‘er done” and get home. The weather was good, that is to say, it wasn’t raining sideways. I intended to put her in the back yard. But, just in case she jumped from the boardwalk again and pulled me to the back yard. I took her off the leash, opened the gate and she leaped with joy into the yard, galloped about, more yodeled than howled and tossed the ball into the air triumphantly. I laughed and with the veiled dawn at my back headed off to work.
A blog about Greek mythology, classical studies, and the Kosmos Society sponsored by Harvard's Center for Hellenic Studies. Comments welcome in the comments block below
Thursday, October 4, 2012
Wednesday, October 3, 2012
TFBT: No God May Thwart
“The most startling silence in the voluble divine community of the Iliad is the absence of any reproach made to Thetis for her drastic intervention in the war.”
The Power of Thetis
I argued in Most Dangerous Sea and Beauteous Scarf that Thetis’ influence on the gods and events of the Iliad might have to do with the gods mutual respect of the honors and privileges divided among the victorious gods at Mecone.
But, with my continual re-reading of Tobias Anthony Myers dissertation Homer’s Divine Audience: The Iliad’s Reception on Mount Olympus I have come away with an additional reason for Thetis gracious reception on Olympus. (I should mention that Thetis was Hera’s foster daughter that might help insure a pleasant reception.) Myers suggests that the gods “hold in common that a god's wrath against mortals takes precedence over a god's protection of those same mortals”. He bases this on, among other things I’m sure, the ready agreement of Hera and Zeus in the Iliad to destroy one another’s favorite cities, just to appease Hera’s “bestial” wrath. Of which Zeus says “Strange queen, wherein do Priam and the sons of Priam work thee ills so many, that thou ragest unceasingly to lay waste the well-built citadel of Ilios? If thou wert to enter within the gates and the high walls, and to devour Priam raw and the sons of Priam and all the Trojans besides, then perchance mightest thou heal thine anger. (Iliad 4:30)
Likewise Artemis says in Hippolytus 1456 (Euripides) “Hath Zeus ordained in heaven, no god may thwart a god’s fixed will; we grieve but stand apart.” Although the virgin-goddess refers to her friend Hippolytus dying at the machinations of the jealous Aphrodite, her behavior seems to follow the example set down by the King and Queen of the Olympians above.
And finally, Bruce Louden[i] observes the opposing deities; the protector of the hero and the god antagonistic to the hero never confront one another in epic. His example being Athena and Apollo during the Theomachy, but the same trend can be recognized in the Hippolytus where Aphrodite and Artemis never confront one another. Artemis seems to summarize it best “No god may thwart a god’s will.”
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Sunday, September 30, 2012
TFBT: The Death of Structural Analysis, Solar Mythology and …
I was disturbed when I read, my hero, Gregory Nagy announce the demise of structural analysis.1 Specifically, he wrote, “structuralism has become an unstable and even unwieldy concept, which cannot any longer convey the essence of the methodology.” This is quite the disappointment because I still haven’t gotten a handle on structural analysis. Many authors in the past seemed to value this tool and offered examples of the insights it offered. What little I know about this way to study myth came from an article by Claude Levi-Strauss in “Structural Anthropology”. I had the pleasure to read this article is a small dusty rose-colored book I found at a second hand store, “Myth: a Symposium”2
One other thing disturbs be about Professor Nagy’s eulogy to structuralism. In the next paragraph he discusses the work of Parry and Lord. Their work in oral composition was earth-shaking and now the foundation of virtually every Homeric discussion. Let’s hope the classics community treats Parry and Lord better than most.

2 Editor Thomas A Sebeok, Indiana University Press, 1972

The end of structuralism felt just like the “Eclipse of Solar Mythology” which I’d read in the exact same volume. Richard M. Dorson did a fine job of explaining Solar Mythology before lampooning it to death with some deft illustrations and a few quick jabs. In truth, this was more than I’d ever known about Max Muller’s work. (I’ve always wondered if the English translations of his work were burnt by an angry mob of intellectuals with torches and pitchforks.)
As child I’d learned about Solar Mythology from Gayley in “The Classic Myths”. (First Ed. 1893) I loved that book, with the square glossy pages, clear quality etching for illustration and enigmatic endnotes. It was in the reference section at the library and I could never check it out. Everything I knew about Muller came from the back of Gayley. Although I agree that not everyone can be a solar-hero, Muller’s theories were great for helping me with my studies of Norse Mythology (i.e. The death of Balder, Ull and Odin, and the nine mothers of Heimdall.) I would think Solar Mythology would also be helpful in the study of sun-gods.
In Gayley too, I learned about George W. Cox. Even as a child his idyllic theory of shepherds on their backs watching the clouds pass, wasn’t too convincing, but when I hear modern scholars speak of Zeus the cloud-gatherer and refer to him as a storm-god, I feel confident that we learned something from Cox.
Before the internet, Robert Graves’ ”The Greek Myths” provided a wide range of mythological information. About the time I bought my second copy of the two volume set, someone told me that Graves was not held in wide regard by scholars. Which struck me as odd, since his theory on the triple goddess worked pretty well when discussing triple goddesses. And the story of Oedipus makes a lot more sense if you know something about sacrificial kings.
When I purchased Themis by Jane Harrison I read that her writings on ritual-myth were not well-received. However, all her biographers finish by saying how influential her writings were.
Here’s my theory; a researcher in some quiet moment receives inspiration; a bolt of lightning out of the blue or the small still voice of the muse. The sudden insight works well on the material at hand and a few associated topics. A paper is published too much acclaim. A book follows with much additional material, sometimes far from the original source or intent. It attracts followers who declare it a universal tonic. It is re-interpreted, mis-interpreted, “detached from its moorings” and run aground. Everyone declares it a failure and throws the baby out with the bath water. If I may, new each form of analysis or interpretation is elevated by universal acclaim to Olympic heights and then tossed like Hephaestus.
I would suggest that we retain all the forms of interpretation and analysis that have come to us put them in a toolbox and pull them out to use appropriately.

________________________
2 Editor Thomas A Sebeok, Indiana University Press, 1972
Tuesday, September 25, 2012
M&R: Wiving Goes by Destiny
The footfall resounded upon the solid floor of the grand entry way. It was neither the soft step on the heel of city-folk followed by the slap of the toe nor the tap of the toe followed by the cluck of a reassured heel, typical of country folk. Both kinds of people awaited on the other side of the double doors. This naked hairy foot produced a solid thud heard by those on the other. It was the step of someone about to take the stuff of destiny and twist it to his liking. But before the next step, just before the ushers swung open the doors, a quiet voice spoke.
“Grand-daddy? Am I beautiful?” asked the petite vision of beauty on John Sienna’s right arm.
His granddaughter wore a traditional white wedding dress. In lieu of a traditional veil she wore a chunni in the tradition of her new family. It was sheer and brilliant, hemmed in gold lace. In fact, it emphasized more than hid the excellent figure she inherited from Grandma Roxanne and Grandmother Maeve’s flawless skin and flashing black hair. A heavy golden belt snitched her gown and gold laced its bodice. Upon her head sat the crown of the Lords of Piccolomini, the closest claim to nobility Aglaia Sienna’s family could come up with. In a family famous as rowdy extroverts she was the sole introvert.
With his usual smile, John reassured the quiet young woman, kissed the backs of her ivory hands and told her that she was indeed as lovely as Helen of Troy.
The girl blushed proudly and while still beaming asked “Then why do my cousins keep saying I’m veiled like Freya?”
“Because, Freya too wore an elegant veil? Do you know who she was?”
Aglaia seemed to still ponder the comparison to Helen of Troy when her grand-daddy explained that Freya was the goddess of beauty. You can imagine the look on the shy young woman’s face. He failed to mention that in actuality Thor hid beneath the heavy veil and that most of gigantic wedding guests didn’t survive the reception. It seemed like a bad thing to mention when escorting a granddaughter down the aisle.
On the other side of the door was the “sacred fire” which John and his sister-in-law Roxanne lead everyone in referring to as the “Burning Bush”; a priest and a Lutheran pastor. In opposition to western weddings, the crowd divided into men on the left and women on the right. The wedding party and most of the local guests arrived early. The groom and his four brothers stood on one side of the Burning Bush dressed in white, on the right stood Aglaia’s sole sister and her husband’s three sisters dressed in bright pastel gowns. The best man arrived drunk, much to the embarrassment of the groom and disgust of his sisters. The oldest sister actually crossed the aisle and slapped him across the face. That seemed to somber him up for a moment. To all this their mother Mrs. DK was a passive observer who silently acquiesced to whatever he eldest son wanted.
Across the aisle sat Mrs. DK’s Babaa, who’s title the Siennans mistook for “Bubba”. At the reception the night before, they collectively settled on calling the elder, “Ali Baba” much to his delight. Babaa had been a big man once. Now age and a series of strokes left him a shell of himself. He could do nothing but stare blankly at the disrespectful grandson who was now the head of the family. Or mutter bitterly about his physical impotency. However, today a friend sat with him. During the reception the night before, Stan Scamander and the elderly man recognized kindred souls in one another. Maybe it was the company or the evening, but the old man seemed less afflicted in the presence of the dark-haired wide-shouldered Stan. Stan became the old man’s escort for this joyous day.
Maeve and Roxanne lead the Siennan women in a little latter. Their arrival was like a spring storm, with the earthy smells of; opening earth, fresh rain, the perfume of first flowers and the billowing clouds of green pollen from the distant forest. Their appearance was as bright as the first blush of spring, dressed as they were bright reds, radiant blues, and deep green. They squeezed into pews on the women’s side of the hall, pulled their daughters into their laps, sometimes their grown daughters. They packed around the other guests. DJ’s female guests, that’s what the groom’s family called him “DJ”, DJ’s female guests were ladies of leisure married to “doctors and lawyers and Indian chiefs” who didn’t approve of these foreigners nor DJ “wiving” among them. Especially, a military family with the pretentions of merchants. If truth be told, the Siennans weren’t too thrilled about Aglaia marrying a foreigner, particularly marrying into this family.
Meanwhile, Roxanne and Maeve, hand and hand strolled towards the front pew where Mrs. DK sat with her newest daughter-in-law. Mrs. DK stroked the girl’s arm like she would a small furry pet. The young girl sat nervously next to her mother-in-law shivering like the bunny being kept in the rabbit hutch until big enough for the stew pot.
“Oh, you must be DK Junior’s new wife!” exclaimed Roxanne, the tall red head. “Let us look at you!”
It proved to be invitation for the girl and Mrs. DK to stand in greeting. Roxanne managed to whirl the girl to the side, so Maeve could sit down with the groom’s mother. Seeing no bruises, Roxanne assumed the honeymoon wasn’t over yet. Roxanne sat down on the edge of the pew setting upright and tall so her green eyes could look excitedly around. She patted the seat next to her for the gir. Roxanne Scamander asked all the normal questions about the girl’s family, relatives and village. Then answered similar questions on her own behalf. They discussed how many children she hoped to have and how many Roxanne had. The girl admitted that she hoped to teach someday, but that DK Junior wouldn’t allow it as long as he lived.
“Dearie, I’ve been married five times, let me tell you-“ here her warm deep voice acquired a witty ring indicating she was quoting her brother-in-laws favorite book “Widows happen, every day.“
The girl went white at first and then carefully let out her suppressed giggle. She saw her mother-in-law engaged in conversation with Maeve and confided that Mrs. DK didn’t approve of the gifts the Siennans had presented the night before to the groom and then the bride.
“Well there seems to be a lot of kitchen fires in the DK household, we thought the fire extinguisher was appropriate.”
The girl shivered at the thought of the “accidents” befalling the three previous Mrs. DK Junior, when their families couldn’t come up with additional dowry funds.
“Mr. DK Junior says no woman would be brave enough to use the handgun you gave the bride.”
“Dearie, he hasn’t met a Siennan woman before. “ Roxanne assured her with a pat on thigh and a wink that somehow promised Aglaia would be her protector from now on.
Meanwhile, Maeve lounging in the pew between the groom’s mother and her sister asked Mrs. DK to point out all of her sons.
“Well, you know DJ. And the head of our family Daitya Kaaliya Junior.” she added proudly and then sighed.
DK Junior heard his name mentioned and turned to look. If his eldest sister’s slap hadn’t sobered him up Maeve’s gaze certainly did. On the most joyous occasions her eyes might be thought to twinkle but at moments like this her black eyes held a cold dead stare.
“You have such a cross to bear.” Maeve commented with a gleeful, gentle pat on the thigh.
Not being Christian, so not understanding the expression, Mrs. DK continued. “Daitya Gagandeep, who we call DG…”
“DG?” Roxanne asked leaning across Maeve‘s lap. When she was reassured as to DG’s name Roxanne reminded herself to share a private joke with her brother-in-law from back in the day when they both wore serge uniforms.
“DG, Daitya Satvamohan; DS, and Daitya Prithish; DP”
This time it was Maeve who asked the woman to repeat the names of her sons. Maeve nudged her best friend at the reciting of the letters G,S, P, just like her three sons Gnome, Shepherd and Puck.
The music began and the guests stood. It was the bride who gasped. Thinking to get a lot of wedding presents, Aglaia’s mother-in-law told her to invite as many people as she could. The logic was that Aglaia wasn’t very popular and most of her relatives could not afford to attend anyway. As a consequence; all the Siennans came. On the women’s side stood all her womenfolk dressed in the most opulent gowns they could borrow or make. They wore fantastic hats and embroidered slippers. The Siennans weren’t much for jewelry, but Roxanne was, as were several Maeve’s friends. Most of the women wore diamonds, gold and precious stones from their collections. The bride burst into tears at the turn out.
Mrs. DK gazed upon the beaming bride trimmed in gold and crowned in pearls and the richly adorned guests. She jokingly suggested that her family should ask for more dowry. Maeve jokingly retorted, while admiring her approaching granddaughter and husband, that she’d kill Mrs. DK and her eldest son if there was any talk like that.
The men’s side of the church was more sparsely occupied. Behind Aglaia the ushers opened the exterior door to the hall. An explosion rather than a sound erupted behind them. The men of the Sienna family stormed the hall, hooting and hollering. They looked dashing in their dress uniforms. There’d been talk about them wearing blue turbans, but it was agreed they could keep to their regimental caps and berets. Rather than “kirpans” they wore their dress swords and side arms. Boots however stayed behind in accordance with local protocols and Sienna family tradition. The men followed John Sienna and Aglaia into the church and then spread out along the side of the hall rather than mixing with the men from DJ’s side. (That was for the best.)
John Sienna appeared the calm at in the eye of the storm. Smiling, he nodded slightly to all, but tried not to take away Aglaia’s moment in the spotlight. He noticed the color draining from Mrs. DK’s face and the smuggle smile on his wife’s. Always a bad sign he thought. Across the aisle stood “Ali Baba” apparently on his own two feet, but Stan kept a shielding arm behind the elderly gentleman, just in case. The old man seemed even healthier than last night and Stan seemed…Earlier when reassuring the shy bride John thought he could see something of her grandfather Stan in the girl’s face, but it never occurred to him until this moment that what he saw was good-looks. Stan was John’s best friend! It had been how many years and he’d never noticed until this moment that Stan was a handsome man. Stan nodded at the seat he’d saved for his “yaar” in the pew. John handed Aglaia over to the officials and took his seat. He waved over her father and brother, but out of respect they chose to stand with the rest of the Siennan troops.
Faster than John could imagine it was time for the “Kanyadaan”. With a word from Babaa whose arm lay familiarly across Stan’s broad right shoulder and an encouraging pat on the back from Stan, he rose and drew Aglaia to her groom. Standing almost between the love birds, John took a simple gold band from his hairy hand, put it on the boy’s left ring finger and grasped his hand
The young man said, “Sir, I promise I will be good to your granddaughter.” Turning to Aglaia’s father standing at the end of the pew he repeated his oath. When he turned his head back, John’s smiling blue eyes gazed deeply into his. The older man’s handclasp seemed suddenly unworldly.
In a loud voice that sounded neither hoping nor commanding, but simply staying an inevitable fact the patriarch of the Sienna clan pronounced “We welcome you to our family. You will make a great husband, Jahan.”
DK Junior leaned into the conversation, presumably on behalf of Jahan’s family to offer their blessing, and hissed. “His name is DJ, you ass.”
John Sienna perceived two motions at once, his grand-daughter reacting and his best friend rocketing out of the pew fist first. He kept the boy’s hand with this right. He stepped between Aglaia and her brother-in-law, later he would discover that her reaction was to reach for the kirpan beneath her veil. He stopped Stan’s sledge like fist with his left hand. What John didn’t see was Mrs. DK’s father carried to his feet by the rush of Stan rising frame. He didn’t anticipate the old man grabbing, twisting and pulling DK’s ceremonial jacket with his left hand while the kirpan in his right rose the length of the younger man’s legs to the point of destiny. Maybe a little beyond destiny.
“His name is Jahan. He was named in my honor. Apologize to your brother’s in-laws.” The hoary old man’s hoarse voice whispered.
Later Babaa Jahan would explain that as head of the family it was his job to bless the union and that he’d asked his “yaar” Stan to help him up. Mrs. DK Senior’s passive acceptance of his announcement set the stage for some changes in their household that were to almost everyone’s liking.
Monday, September 24, 2012
TFBT: Mimir, the Monster Sphinx and the Throne of Olympus
I composed several encyclopedic articles that are posted elsewhere, that might be of interest to my readers.
A short piece on Mimir, a "giant" in Norse Mythology and a good friend to Odin, King of the Aesir. Mimir:Norse God of Wisdom
A short piece on the dread and curse of Ancient Thebes, the Sphinx. Sphinx, the Monster Sings
A short piece on Mimir, a "giant" in Norse Mythology and a good friend to Odin, King of the Aesir. Mimir:Norse God of Wisdom
And finally, a more indepth piece on the danger from Zeus' daughters and sisters to the stability of the cosmos. Securing the Throne of Zeus
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Sunday, September 23, 2012
TFBT: Homer’s Divine Audience: The Iliad’s Reception on Mount Olympus.
This is a review of a book that hasn’t been published yet, “Models of Reception in the Divine Audience of the Iliad” a dissertation by Tobias Anthony Myers.
Honestly, I don’t know how I ended up with a copy. I believe it will be published by Cambridge University Press under the title, “Homer’s Divine Audience: The Iliad’s Reception on Mount Olympus.” I do not know Myers who is apparently a lecturer at Columbia University. I certainly feel pleased for having stumbled across his writings.
Myers basic premise is to compare Zeus and “the gods” watching to the Trojan War from Mt. Olympus, with the poet and the mortal audience listening to the tale. Primarily Myers arguments center around the four occasions when the gods are feasting on Olympus, Books 4, 7, 22 and 24. Where there is “sweet nectar from the bowl. And unquenchable laughter“ feasting, happy hearts, and the sweet voices of the muses.
Some arguments are often lengthy, but well-written, easy to follow and satisfying. The benefit of his arguments is that they give sound motivation to actions and scenes that often appear lacking.
Imagine if you wil, that we have the honor to be gathered at a great feast and the entertainment is Homer himself. Like any performer, he would greet us, maybe pick stories that are pertinent or popular in our circles and maybe even play with our expectations. Myers suggests just this sort of interaction between the poet with his audience and Zeus with the divine audience. Homer using Zeus’ voice plays with the gods, suggests alternative endings to the little drama they’ve designed down below, plays with their emotions. In the same breathe the poet is doing the same to his mortal audience.
Myers also incorporates the language of sacred space into his readings of the Iliad which then offers the same performance dynamic for the Greeks and Trojans in the Iliad during games and in the arena. This could all get very complex, but Myers knows how to work his audience. It all comes across as brilliant.
Just a few quotes I’ve been tweeting;
In conclusion, let me finish and summarize Myers’ arguments with a most telling passage. First Myers quotes Iliad 6.357-58 Upon [Paris and me] Zeus has set an evil fate, so that in the future as well we might be song-worthy for the men who are yet to be.” Myers then adds, “Even from her position within the story, Helen can assert to Hector (and to herself, the gods, and the future generations that will hear of her) that hers and Paris’ transgressions, and their grievous consequences, exist to satisfy the needs of the poetic medium.
Honestly, I don’t know how I ended up with a copy. I believe it will be published by Cambridge University Press under the title, “Homer’s Divine Audience: The Iliad’s Reception on Mount Olympus.” I do not know Myers who is apparently a lecturer at Columbia University. I certainly feel pleased for having stumbled across his writings.
Myers basic premise is to compare Zeus and “the gods” watching to the Trojan War from Mt. Olympus, with the poet and the mortal audience listening to the tale. Primarily Myers arguments center around the four occasions when the gods are feasting on Olympus, Books 4, 7, 22 and 24. Where there is “sweet nectar from the bowl. And unquenchable laughter“ feasting, happy hearts, and the sweet voices of the muses.
Some arguments are often lengthy, but well-written, easy to follow and satisfying. The benefit of his arguments is that they give sound motivation to actions and scenes that often appear lacking.
Imagine if you wil, that we have the honor to be gathered at a great feast and the entertainment is Homer himself. Like any performer, he would greet us, maybe pick stories that are pertinent or popular in our circles and maybe even play with our expectations. Myers suggests just this sort of interaction between the poet with his audience and Zeus with the divine audience. Homer using Zeus’ voice plays with the gods, suggests alternative endings to the little drama they’ve designed down below, plays with their emotions. In the same breathe the poet is doing the same to his mortal audience.
Myers also incorporates the language of sacred space into his readings of the Iliad which then offers the same performance dynamic for the Greeks and Trojans in the Iliad during games and in the arena. This could all get very complex, but Myers knows how to work his audience. It all comes across as brilliant.
Just a few quotes I’ve been tweeting;
- “The Iliad is a ritual that simultaneously honors Troy in the distant past and wipes it out in the performances moment.”
- In regards to the gods feasting on Mt. Olympus, Myers suggests, “it is striking that for the gods this situation seems to be an invention of epic.”
- “Paris is responsible for the Trojan predicament, but Hector is responsible for Troy.”
- "The Iliad’s power depends partly on the fact that in spite of this basic Achaean orientation it does not demonize the Trojans but instead portrays them more sympathetically than it does the Achaeans."
Thursday, September 20, 2012
VftSW:Mitt Romney and Me
In a speech back in May, Mitt Romney admitted to disregarding 47% of his once potential constituents. I’d say he shot himself in the foot, but “in the head”, might be more accurate. I also wonder about the Democrats releasing the May tape in September, rather than waiting until a little closer to the election. Of course, the democrats probably know what they are doing. I’m not so sure about Romney.
I, also, have given up on people. I think of those “friends” who didn’t want to be my friend. I think about people who wanted to be my friend, but regardless of their testimonies of affection that relationship was not good for me. And I think about all those friends I gave up praying for. I know we should pray unceasingly, but I am human I only have so much time on my knees.
I also have given up on employees; those that couldn’t do the job, didn’t fit in or couldn’t show up on time. But in all the years I’ve been a supervisor at work, officer in the volunteer fire department or chair of a committee at church, it was never half the crowd that was unreliable, maybe 5% got dismissed.
But, I never gave up on any of my co-workers when it comes to their safety. I’m the safety officer. Everyone wants their co-workers and themselves to go home at the end of the day in one piece. Maybe they don’t believe in hardhats, but they know to wear gloves, because they once grabbed a Devil’s Club branch. A specific staff officer might not be actively supportive of the safety program during budget discussions, but she while insist her co-workers buckle-up when they ride with her. The supervisor whose crew has the worst safety record for the year is the one who will be most supportive and fanatic about my recommendations which will spillover onto the rest of his unit. So, when it comes to safety, there is no one I disregard. Everyone contributes; some in a small way, some in greater.
So, based on my life experience, Romney is wrong. Everyone can contribute to making the world a better place. Admittedly, there are bad people in the world, but hopefully their supervisors (or the authorities) will handle them. And finally I am never dismissive of my former friends because, they make great acquaintances, who in another time and place might be great friends again.
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