Thursday, April 19, 2018

TFBT: Liddell is Wrong about Libation(s)




“Σπονδή, drink-offering, …pl., σπονδαί a solemn treaty or truce (because solemn drink-offerings were made on concluding them,)”  Perseus Greek Word Study Tool; Middle Liddell 

I don’t think the bolded sentence above is correct.  I can find no evidence that libations were part of the truce ritual.  References listed by Liddell and Perseus are;  

·        σπονδαὶ ἄκρητοι the truce made by pouring unmixed wine, Il.

Nestor is speaking in Iliad 2 to the gathered Hellenic chieftains, “What then is to be the end of our compacts and our oaths? [340] Nay, into the fire let us cast all counsels and plans of warriors, the drink-offerings of unmixed wine, and the hand-clasps wherein we put our trust.” He appears to be speaking about compacts and oaths among themselves, not a truce with the Trojans.

·       αἱ Λακεδαιμονίων σπThe truce with them. Thuc.;

Thucydides 1.35 “If it be urged that your reception of us will be a breach of the treaty existing between you and Lacedaemon,” No mention of libations in conjunction with the treaty (truce)


Aristophanes’ “Knights” mentions drinking, not drink-offerings and not connected to the single instance of “truce”

·       δέχεσθαι Th.5.2130; 

Neither text mentions libations and treaty making.

·      τυχεῖν Xen.; (I couldn’t find.)

·      σπποιεῖσθαί τινι to make a truce with one, Hdt.1.21; 

No mention of libations in coordination with the treaty

·      πρός τινα Ar.Ach.52, 131;

Neither reference mentions libations and truce


No mention of libations in coordination with the truce

·      σπἄγειν πρός τινας Thuc. (I couldn’t find.)

None of Liddell’s references mention libations as part of a truce ritual.  I can recall neither truces nor treaties in Greek myth showing drink-offerings being part of treaties.  Liddle ll is wrong about libation(s). 


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