Why is Odysseus called "the father of Telemachus" while all the other Homeric heroes are remembered as "the son of" somebody or another? When
Odysseus begins telling his tales to the Phaeancians he is introduced as the “son
of Laertes”. I thought that odd because he is so often referred to as “the
father of Telemachus”. I wondered about contrasting the use of “son of Laertes”
vs “father of Telemachus”? For example; I read once that any time the epithet
Cronides (Cronion) is used of an elder Olympian it is to remind the audience
that they are their father’s children and just as capable of being cruel and
abusive of authority as he. So is there any significance in Homer’s unusual of
“son of Laertes” on occasion? What do we know about Laertes that might apply to
Odysseus?
Euripides (Iphigenia at Aulis) and Sophocles (Philoctetes) both knew the rumors of Odysseus’ parentage. It appears that those characters in the epics who wanted to praise Odysseus could call him “son of Laertes” and flatter him. Those that wanted to shame him could call him “son of Laertes” as a way of reminding him he wasn’t. Meanwhile, the famously non-judgmental Homer take the high road and gives Odysseus the epithet of “father of Telemachus” to avoid any implication or inference of scandal.
Maybe
we are asking about the wrong parent, here.
As we have noted before in Hour 25, Homer goes to great lengths in both
epics to hide the darker aspects of Odysseus.
Like the betrayal of Palamedes, the
attempted murder of Diomedes and possibly Odysseus’ bastardy.
"Sisyphus
came to him and identified the cattle he had stolen by their hooves, and took
them away. While he was delaying there, he seduced Anticlia, the daughter of
Autolycus. She was later given in marriage to Laertes, and bore Ulysses. Some
writers accordingly call him Sisyphean; because of this parentage he was
shrewd.
" Hyginus, Fabulae 201
Euripides (Iphigenia at Aulis) and Sophocles (Philoctetes) both knew the rumors of Odysseus’ parentage. It appears that those characters in the epics who wanted to praise Odysseus could call him “son of Laertes” and flatter him. Those that wanted to shame him could call him “son of Laertes” as a way of reminding him he wasn’t. Meanwhile, the famously non-judgmental Homer take the high road and gives Odysseus the epithet of “father of Telemachus” to avoid any implication or inference of scandal.
Is
the father reference for polymetis
Odysseus significant in the same way as the ‘son of Kronos’? We’ve seen before
at Hour 25 where the names of sons, were but aspects of their fathers. Well Laertes is NOT “the craftiest of all
humankind”, but Sisyphus is. (Homer, Iliad VI.151)
I find it interesting that at the beginning of the Odyssey, Telemachus expresses doubt whether Odysseus is really his father.
ReplyDeleteMaya,
ReplyDeleteGood observation! From the moment Odysseus says his name is "Outis". He looses his identity and journeys to "find himself". Think about how many names Odysseus uses. If you aren't sure of who you are; how can anyone else be?
Bill